Experimental demonstration of frequency pulling in single-pass free-electron lasers

TL;DR

This paper reports the first experimental observation of frequency pulling in single-pass free-electron lasers, demonstrating how laser frequency shifts when detuned, using measurements from the Elettra storage ring.

Contribution

It provides the first experimental evidence of frequency pulling in single-pass free-electron lasers, expanding understanding of laser frequency dynamics.

Findings

First experimental demonstration of frequency pulling in single-pass FELs

Measurements conducted on the Elettra storage ring

Shows frequency shift due to detuning in FELs

Abstract

Frequency pulling is a well-known phenomenon in standard laser physics, leading to a shift of the laser frequency when the cavity and maximum gain frequencies are detuned. In this letter we present the first experimental demonstration of frequency pulling in single-pass free-electron lasers. Measurements are performed using the single-pass free-electron laser installed on the Elettra storage ring.