Local probing of propagating acoustic waves in a gigahertz echo chamber

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates local, highly sensitive probing of gigahertz surface acoustic waves using a piezoelectric single-electron transistor, enabling quantum-level investigations of phonon interactions and hybrid quantum systems.

Contribution

It introduces a novel method for local detection of propagating acoustic waves at the quantum limit using a piezoelectric single-electron transistor.

Findings

Achieved displacement sensitivity of 30amRMS/√Hz at 932MHz

Detected single-phonon level signals after averaging

Tracked echo pulses in a long acoustic cavity

Abstract

In the same way that micro-mechanical resonators resemble guitar strings and drums, Surface Acoustic Waves (SAW) resemble the sound these instruments produce, but moving over a solid surface rather than through air. In contrast with oscillations in suspended resonators, such propagating mechanical waves have not before been studied near the quantum mechanical limits. Here, we demonstrate local probing of SAW with a displacement sensitivity of 30amRMS/sqrt(Hz) and detection sensitivity on the single-phonon level after averaging, at a frequency of 932MHz. Our probe is a piezoelectrically coupled Single Electron Transistor, which is sufficiently fast, non-destructive and localized to let us track pulses echoing back and forth in a long acoustic cavity, self-interfering and ringing the cavity up and down. We project that strong coupling to quantum circuits will allow new experiments, and hybrids utilizing the unique features of SAW. Prospects include quantum investigations of phonon-phonon interactions, and acoustic coupling to superconducting qubits, for which we present favourable estimates.