Periodic variability of 6.7GHz methanol masers in G22.357+0.066

TL;DR

This study reports the discovery of stable, periodic flares in 6.7GHz methanol masers associated with a young stellar object, revealing insights into the maser structure and potential underlying mechanisms over a 12-year span.

Contribution

It presents the first detection of long-term stable periodicity in methanol masers and maps the 3D structure of the maser region using EVN observations.

Findings

Periodic maser flares with a 179-day cycle.

Stable maser behavior over approximately 12 years.

3D maser structure mapped with EVN at two epochs.

Abstract

We report the discovery of periodic flares of 6.7GHz methanol maser in the young massive stellar object G22.357+0.066. The target was monitored in the methanol maser line over 20 months with the Torun 32m telescope. The emission was also mapped at two epochs using the EVN. The 6.7GHz methanol maser shows periodic variations with a period of 179 days. The periodic behavior is stable for the last three densely sampled cycles and has even been stable over ~12 years, as the archival data suggest. The maser structure mapped with the EVN remains unchanged at two epochs just at the putative flare maxima separated by two years. The time delays of up to ~16 days seen between maser features are combined with the map of spots to construct the 3-dimensional structure of the maser region. The emission originating in a single ~100 AU layer can be modulated by periodic changes in the infrared pumping radiation or in the free-free background emission from an HII region.