Vortex formation in a rotating two-component Fermi gas

TL;DR

This paper investigates vortex formation in a rotating two-component Fermi gas, calculating critical rotation frequencies and phase diagrams at zero temperature within a Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov framework.

Contribution

It provides a quantitative analysis of vortex formation and phase transitions in a rotating Fermi superfluid, extending understanding of superfluid behavior under rotation.

Findings

Critical rotation frequencies for vortex formation are computed.

Phase diagrams are constructed for various particle numbers.

Vortex emergence depends on scattering length and rotation frequency.

Abstract

A two-component Fermi gas with attractive s-wave interactions forms a superfluid at low temperatures. When this gas is confined in a rotating trap, fermions can unpair at the edges of the gas and vortices can arise beyond certain critical rotation frequencies. We compute these critical rotation frequencies and construct the phase diagram in the plane of scattering length and rotation frequency for different total number of particles. We work at zero temperature and consider a cylindrically symmetric harmonic trapping potential. The calculations are performed in the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approximation which implies that our results are quantitatively reliable for weak interactions.