The Revival of White Holes as Small Bangs

TL;DR

This paper proposes that certain gamma-ray bursts, especially those lacking supernovae and occurring in voids, could be explained by the spontaneous emergence of white holes, termed 'Small Bangs', as an alternative to black holes.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of 'Small Bangs' as white holes that eject matter in a single pulse, offering a new explanation for specific gamma-ray bursts.

Findings

White holes can be spontaneously formed as 'Small Bangs'.

Certain gamma-ray bursts may be caused by white holes rather than black holes.

Predicted detection of rare, extremely energetic gamma-ray bursts.

Abstract

Black holes are extremely dense and compact objects from which light cannot escape. There is an overall consensus that black holes exist and many astronomical objects are identified with black holes. White holes were understood as the exact time reversal of black holes, therefore they should continuously throw away material. It is accepted, however, that a persistent ejection of mass leads to gravitational pressure, the formation of a black hole and thus to the "death of while holes". So far, no astronomical source has been successfully tagged a white hole. The only known white hole is the Big Bang which was instantaneous rather than continuous or long-lasting. We thus suggest that the emergence of a white hole, which we name a 'Small Bang', is spontaneous - all the matter is ejected at a single pulse. Unlike black holes, white holes cannot be continuously observed rather their effect can only be detected around the event itself. Gamma ray bursts are the most energetic explosions in the universe. Long gamma-ray bursts were connected with supernova eruptions. There is a new group of gamma-ray bursts, which are relatively close to Earth, but surprisingly lack any supernova emission. We propose identifying these bursts with white holes. White holes seem like the best explanation of gamma-ray bursts that appear in voids. We also predict the detection of rare gigantic gamma-ray bursts with energies much higher than typically observed.