Magnetized Domain Walls in the Deconfined Sakai-Sugimoto Model at Finite Baryon Density

TL;DR

This paper investigates the properties of magnetized pion gradient phases in the deconfined Sakai-Sugimoto model at various temperatures and baryon densities, revealing their thermodynamic behaviors and phase preferences.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of the magnetized pion gradient phase at finite baryon density, comparing its thermodynamics with multiquark phases in the Sakai-Sugimoto model.

Findings

Temperature has minimal effect on the phase.

Pion gradient excitations behave like scalar solitonic particles.

Pion gradient phase is less thermodynamically favored than multiquark phases, except at low baryon chemical potential.

Abstract

The magnetized pure pion gradient ($\mathcal{5}\phi$) phase in the deconfined Sakai-Sugimoto model is explored at zero and finite temperature. We found that the temperature has very small effects on the phase. The thermodynamical properties of the phase shows that the excitations behave like a scalar solitonic free particles. By comparing the free energy of the pion gradient phase to the competing multiquark-pion gradient (MQ-$\mathcal{5}\phi$) phase, it becomes apparent that the pure pion gradient is less thermodynamically preferred than the MQ-$\mathcal{5}\phi$ phase. However, in the parameter space where the baryonic chemical potential is smaller than the onset value of the multiquark, the dominating magnetized nuclear matter is the pion gradient phase.