From X-ray dips to eclipse: Witnessing disk reformation in the recurrent nova USco

TL;DR

This study observed the reformation of the accretion disk in the recurrent nova USco through multi-band X-ray, UV, and optical data, revealing the evolution of eclipses, dips, and spectral features over time.

Contribution

It provides detailed observational evidence of disk reformation in USco, including the disappearance of X-ray dips and spectral analysis of scattering processes.

Findings

X-ray dips caused by clumpy absorbing material

Disappearance of dips indicates disk formation progress

Spectral signatures of Thomson and resonant line scattering

Abstract

The 10th recorded outburst of the recurrent eclipsing nova USco was observed simultaneously in X-ray, UV, and optical by XMM-Newton on days 22.9 and 34.9 after outburst. Two full passages of the companion in front of the nova ejecta were observed, witnessing the reformation of the accretion disk. On day 22.9, we observed smooth eclipses in UV and optical but deep dips in the X-ray light curve which disappeared by day 34.9, then yielding clean eclipses in all bands. X-ray dips can be caused by clumpy absorbing material that intersects the line of sight while moving along highly elliptical trajectories. Cold material from the companion could explain the absence of dips in UV and optical light. The disappearance of X-ray dips before day 34.9 implies significant progress in the formation of the disk. The X-ray spectra contain photospheric continuum emission plus strong emission lines, but no clear absorption lines. Both continuum and emission lines in the X-ray spectra indicate a temperature increase from day 22.9 to day 34.9. We find clear evidence in the spectra and light curves for Thompson scattering of the photospheric emission from the white dwarf. Photospheric absorption lines can be smeared out during scattering in a plasma of fast electrons. We also find spectral signatures of resonant line scattering that lead to the observation of the strong emission lines. Their dominance could be a general phenomenon in high-inclination systems such as Cal87.