Mass and the creation of spatial volume

TL;DR

This paper explores how mass in general relativity can increase spatial volume, potentially explaining the universe's missing matter and suggesting mass might create space itself.

Contribution

It introduces a novel measure of excess spatial volume around masses and discusses its implications for cosmology and the nature of space creation.

Findings

Excess volume near a mass correlates with gravitational potential.

Total excess volume from all masses is comparable to the universe's volume.

Results may shed light on missing matter and the origin of space.

Abstract

The distortion of space by the presence of mass in general relativity appears to be capable of increasing three dimensional spatial volume. We examine excess volume effects associated with an isolated mass described by the Schwarzschild solution to the field equations. Fractional differential excess spatial volume in the vicinity of a mass is shown to be a direct measure of gravitational potential which can be easily visualized. The total amount of excess spatial volume associated with an isolated mass is evaluated and shown to be appreciable. Summing over the excess spatial volume contributions from individual masses present throughout the universe leads to an overall excess spatial volume comparable in magnitude to the volume of the observable universe. Interpretations of these results are discussed, including the possibility that this excess volume might contribute to clarifying the issue of missing matter in the contemporary universe. Alternatively, it is proposed speculatively that mass, rather than simply distorting preexisting space, might actually create it.