Complete system of analytic invariants for unfolded differential linear systems with an irregular singularity of Poincar\'e rank 1

TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive set of analytic invariants for unfolded nonresonant linear differential systems with an irregular singularity of Poincaré rank 1, providing geometric insights into their monodromy and Stokes phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a complete system of invariants for unfolded systems, linking monodromy, Stokes matrices, and divergence of solutions in a unified geometric framework.

Findings

Complete analytic invariants for unfolded systems are constructed.

The invariants provide a geometric interpretation of Stokes matrices.

A realization theorem characterizes the set of modules with given invariants.

Abstract

In this, paper, we give a complete system of analytic invariants for the unfoldings of nonresonant linear differential systems with an irregular singularity of Poincar\'e rank 1 at the origin over a fixed neighborhood $D_r$. The unfolding parameter $\epsilon $ is taken in a sector S pointed at the origin of opening larger than $2 \pi$ in the complex plane, thus covering a whole neighborhood of the origin. For each parameter value in S, we cover $D_r$ with two sectors and, over each sector, we construct a well chosen basis of solutions of the unfolded linear differential systems. This basis is used to find the analytic invariants linked to the monodromy of the chosen basis around the singular points. The analytic invariants give a complete geometric interpretation to the well-known Stokes matrices at $\epsilon =0$: this includes the link (existing at least for the generic cases) between the divergence of the solutions at $\epsilon =0$ and the presence of logarithmic terms in the solutions for resonance values of the unfolding parameter. Finally, we give a realization theorem for a given complete system of analytic invariants satisfying a necessary and sufficient condition, thus identifying the set of modules.