GPS Ionospheric mapping and tomography: A case of study in a geomagnetic storm

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new regional ionospheric mapping and tomography tool that utilizes GPS data to retrieve detailed 2-D and 3-D electron density profiles, especially during geomagnetic storms.

Contribution

The development of the RIMT tool that leverages GPS measurements for comprehensive ionospheric profiling and validation against ionosonde data.

Findings

GPS-based profiles capture ionospheric variations during storms

RIMT provides detailed electron density structures

Validation confirms accuracy of GPS-derived data

Abstract

The ionosphere has been normally detected by traditional instruments, such as ionosonde, scatter radars, topside sounders onboard satellites and in situ rocket. However, most instruments are expensive and also restricted to either the bottomside ionosphere or the lower part of the topside ionosphere (usually lower than 800 km), such as ground based radar measurements. Nowadays, GPS satellites in high altitude orbits (~20,200 km) are capable of providing details on the structure of the entire ionosphere, even the plasmasphere. In this paper, a Regional Ionospheric Mapping and Tomography (RIMT) tool was developed, which can be used to retrieve 2-D TEC and 3-D ionospheric electron density profiles using ground-based or space-borne GPS measurements. Some results are presented from the RIMT tool using regional GPS networks in South Korea and validated using the independent ionosonde. GPS can provide time-varying ionospheric profiles and information at any specified grid related to ionospheric activities and states, including the electron density response at the F2-layer peak (the NmF2) during geomagnetic storms.