Mechanical Characterization of Amyloid Fibrils Using Coarse-Grained Normal Mode Analysis

TL;DR

This study uses coarse-grained normal mode analysis to explore how the structural hierarchy and shape of amyloid fibrils influence their mechanical properties, revealing length-dependent rigidity and the role of shear effects.

Contribution

It introduces a novel application of coarse-grained normal mode analysis to understand the structure-property relationship in amyloid fibrils, emphasizing the impact of aggregation patterns and shear effects.

Findings

Amyloid fibrils achieve high bending rigidity through specific aggregation patterns.

Mechanical properties of amyloids depend on their length, as shown by the Timoshenko beam model.

Shear effects significantly influence the bending behavior of amyloid fibrils.

Abstract

Recent experimental studies have shown that amyloid fibril formed by aggregation of {\beta} peptide exhibits excellent mechanical properties comparable to other protein materials such as actin filaments and microtubules. These excellent mechanical properties of amyloid fibrils are related to their functional role in disease expression. This indicates the necessity to understand how an amyloid fibril achieves the remarkable mechanical properties through self-aggregation with structural hierarchy, highlighting the structure-property-function relationship for amyloids, whereas such relationship still remains elusive. In this work, we have studied the mechanical properties of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) with respect to its structural hierarchies and structural shapes by coarse-grained normal mode analysis. Our simulation shows that hIAPP fibril can achieve the excellent bending rigidity via specific aggregation pattern such as antiparallel stacking of {\beta} peptides. Moreover, we have found the length-dependent mechanical properties of amyloids. This length-dependent property has been elucidated from Timoshenko beam model that takes into account the shear effect on the bending of amyloids. In summary, our study sheds light on the importance of not only the molecular architecture, which encodes the mechanical properties of the fibril, but also the shear effect on the mechanical (bending) behavior of the fibril.