High energy processes in the vicinity of the Kerr's black hole horizon

TL;DR

This paper investigates how particle collisions near a Kerr black hole's horizon can reach energies comparable to the Grand Unification scale through multiple collision processes, analyzing velocities, Lorentz factors, and travel times.

Contribution

It demonstrates a mechanism for achieving ultra-high energies in particle collisions near rotating black holes via a two-step collision process involving critical particles.

Findings

High energy collisions are possible near Kerr black holes.

The energy depends on the relative velocity and Lorentz factor of particles.

Travel times from accretion disk to Earth are within reasonable bounds.

Abstract

Two particle collisions close to the horizon of the rotating nonextremal black hole are analyzed. It is shown that high energy of the order of the Grand Unification scale in the centre of mass of colliding particles can be obtained when there is a multiple collision - the particle from the accretion disc gets the critical momentum in first collision with the other particle close to the horizon and then there is a second collision of the critical particle with the ordinary one. High energy occurs due to a great relative velocity of two particles and a large Lorentz factor. The dependence of the relative velocity on the distance to horizon is analyzed, the time of movement from the point in the accretion disc to the point of scattering with large energy as well as the time of back movement to the Earth are calculated. It is shown that they have reasonable order.