Big-bang nucleosynthesis with a long-lived charged massive particle including $^4$He spallation processes

TL;DR

This paper investigates how long-lived charged particles in supersymmetric models can cause helium-4 spallation, significantly affecting light element abundances and constraining particle properties.

Contribution

It introduces helium-4 spallation processes induced by long-lived staus and evaluates their impact on primordial element abundances, highlighting their importance over stau-catalyzed fusion.

Findings

Helium-4 spallation processes can dominate over stau-catalyzed fusion.

These processes impose constraints on the properties of long-lived staus.

Spallation effects influence primordial light element abundances.

Abstract

We propose helium-4 spallation processes induced by long-lived stau in supersymmetric standard models, and investigate an impact of the processes on light elements abundances. We show that, as long as the phase space of helium-4 spallation processes is open, they are more important than stau-catalyzed fusion and hence constrain the stau property.