Graft Copolymers of Maleic Anhydride and Its Isostructural Analogues: High Performance Engineering Materials

TL;DR

This review discusses recent advances in graft copolymerization of maleic anhydride and analogues, highlighting methods, mechanisms, and applications in high-performance engineering materials over the past 15 years.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of grafting techniques, mechanisms, and applications of maleic anhydride-based copolymers, emphasizing their structural properties and engineering uses.

Findings

Various grafting methods including reactive extrusion and plasma-induced grafting

Structural phenomena and unique properties of the copolymers

Applications in high-performance engineering materials

Abstract

This review summarizes the main advances published over the last 15 years outlining the different methods of grafting, including reactive extruder systems, surface modification, grafting and graft copolymerization of synthetic and natural polymers with maleic anhydride and its isostructural analogues such as maleimides and maleates, and anhydrides, esters and imides of citraconic and itaconic acids, derivatives of fumaric acid, etc. Special attention is spared to the grafting of conventional and non-conventional synthetic and natural polymers, including biodegradable polymers, mechanism of grafting and graft copolymerization, in situ grafting reactions in melt by reactive extrusion systems, in solutions and solid state (photo- and plasma-induced graftings), and H-bonding effect in the reactive blend processing. The structural phenomena, unique properties and application areas of these copolymers and their various modifications and composites as high performance engineering materials have been also described.