Observational studies of highly evolved cataclysmic variables

TL;DR

This paper presents observational evidence of highly evolved cataclysmic variables, including a sub-dwarf donor system, and discusses their implications for CV evolution theories, highlighting new systems and challenging existing models.

Contribution

It reports the discovery of a CV with a sub-dwarf donor, provides UV spectroscopy to determine its halo origin, and introduces two new systems with white dwarf signatures, advancing understanding of CV evolution.

Findings

SDSS J1507+52 likely has a halo origin based on metallicity.

Two new systems, SDSS J1457+51 and BW Scl, show white dwarf signatures.

T Pyx is confirmed as a short-period CV with high accretion rate.

Abstract

According to standard evolutionary theory for cataclysmic variables (CVs), angular momentum loss drives CVs to initially evolve from longer to shorter orbital periods until a minimum period is reached (\approx 80 min). At roughly this stage, the donors becomes degenerate, expand in size, and the systems move towards longer Porb. Theory predicts that 70% of all CVs should have passed their minimum period and have sub-stellar donors, but until recently, no such systems were known. I present one CV showing evidence of harbouring a sub-dwarf donor, SDSS J1507+52. Due to the system's unusually short Porb of about 65 min, and very high space velocity, two origins for SDSS J1507+52 have been proposed; either the system was formed from a young WD/brown-dwarf binary, or the system is a halo CV. In order to distinguish between these two theories, I present UV spectroscopy and find a metallicity consistent with halo origin. Systems close to Pmin are expected to have low accretion rates. Some of these CVs show absorption in their spectra, implying that the underlying WD is exposed. This yields a rare opportunity to study the WD in a CV. I introduce two new systems showing WD signatures in their light curves and spectra, SDSS J1457+51 and BW Scl. Despite the fact that CVs close to Pmin should be faint, we find systems that are much too bright for their Porb. Such a system is T Pyx - a recurrent nova with an unusually high accretion rate and a photometrically determined Porb < 2 hr. T Pyx is about 2 times brighter than any other CV at its period. However, to confirm its evolutionary status, a more reliable period determination is needed. Here, I present a spectroscopic study, confirming T Pyx as a short-period CV. In this thesis, I discuss what implications these systems may have on the current understanding of CV evolution, and the importance of studying individual systems in general.