Comments on Yang-Mills thermodynamics, the Hagedorn spectrum and the gluon gas

TL;DR

This paper examines how the thermodynamics of pure Yang-Mills theories depend on the gauge algebra, modeling the confined phase with a glueball gas and analyzing the phase transition characteristics.

Contribution

It generalizes Meyer's glueball gas model to arbitrary gauge algebras and discusses the gauge dependence of thermodynamic quantities across phases.

Findings

The model aligns well with lattice data for SU(3).

The phase transition tends to be first-order with more gauge algebra generators.

Thermodynamic behavior depends on the gauge algebra's structure.

Abstract

We discuss the dependence of pure Yang-Mills equation of state on the choice of gauge algebra. In the confined phase, we generalize to an arbitrary simple gauge algebra Meyer's proposal of modelling the Yang-Mills matter by an ideal glueball gas in which the high-lying glueball spectrum is approximated by a Hagedorn spectrum of closed-bosonic-string type. Such a formalism is undefined above the Hagedorn temperature, corresponding to the phase transition toward a deconfined state of matter in which gluons are the relevant degrees of freedom. Under the assumption that the adjoint string tension and the typical energy scale of the running coupling are gauge-algebra independent, we discuss about how the behavior of thermodynamical quantities such as the trace anomaly should depend on the gauge algebra in both the confined and deconfined phase. The obtained results compare favourably with recent and accurate lattice data in the $\mathfrak{su}(3)$ case and support the idea that the more the gauge algebra has generators, the more the phase transition is of first-order type.