Centrifugal cosmological repulsive force in a homogeneous universe

TL;DR

This paper introduces a cosmological model where centrifugal forces from a fourth spatial dimension, caused by radiation energy, lead to repulsive effects in a homogeneous universe, offering an alternative explanation for cosmic expansion.

Contribution

It proposes a new cosmological model incorporating centrifugal forces from an extra dimension, extending Einstein's equations to account for repulsive effects not previously modeled.

Findings

Centrifugal forces arise from radiation energy in a four-dimensional space.

These forces manifest as repulsion in three-dimensional space.

The model aligns with observational data on universe expansion.

Abstract

We study the dynamics of homogeneous isotropic three-dimensional worlds filled with radiation (3R-worlds). It is shown that the dynamics of these worlds with the additional fourth large-scale spatial dimension leads to an important effect. At 3R-worlds the forces of repulsion appear. The source of these forces is the thermal energy of the radiation that fills these worlds. In the four-dimensional space, these forces are centrifugal. They operate in an external for 3R-world spatial dimension and stretch it. In the three-dimensional comoving coordinate system the centrifugal forces shows themselves as forces of repulsion. Standard Einstein's equations do not describe these forces. Written generalized Einstein's equation describing the dynamics of a homogeneous isotropic universe, taking into consideration the centrifugal forces of repulsion. We propose a cosmological model of the universe, based on these equations. This model apply to explain the observation data.