Variational Bayes approach for model aggregation in unsupervised classification with Markovian dependency

TL;DR

This paper introduces a variational Bayesian method for aggregating models in unsupervised binary classification with Markovian dependencies, focusing on estimating posterior probabilities and model weights.

Contribution

It develops a novel variational Bayesian approach for model aggregation in dependent data, specifically within Hidden Markov Models, for improved classification accuracy.

Findings

Effective estimation of posterior probabilities in dependent data

Improved classification accuracy demonstrated in simulations

Application to public health surveillance systems

Abstract

We consider a binary unsupervised classification problem where each observation is associated with an unobserved label that we want to retrieve. More precisely, we assume that there are two groups of observation: normal and abnormal. The `normal' observations are coming from a known distribution whereas the distribution of the `abnormal' observations is unknown. Several models have been developed to fit this unknown distribution. In this paper, we propose an alternative based on a mixture of Gaussian distributions. The inference is done within a variational Bayesian framework and our aim is to infer the posterior probability of belonging to the class of interest. To this end, it makes no sense to estimate the mixture component number since each mixture model provides more or less relevant information to the posterior probability estimation. By computing a weighted average (named aggregated estimator) over the model collection, Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) is one way of combining models in order to account for information provided by each model. The aim is then the estimation of the weights and the posterior probability for one specific model. In this work, we derive optimal approximations of these quantities from the variational theory and propose other approximations of the weights. To perform our method, we consider that the data are dependent (Markovian dependency) and hence we consider a Hidden Markov Model. A simulation study is carried out to evaluate the accuracy of the estimates in terms of classification. We also present an application to the analysis of public health surveillance systems.