Textures of Spin-Orbit Coupled F=2 Spinor Bose Einstein Condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates the complex textures in F=2 spinor Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit coupling, revealing helical modulations and lattice structures through theoretical and numerical analysis.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of textures in F=2 spinor BECs with SOC, highlighting the emergence of helical modulations and lattice textures from the order parameter.

Findings

Textures originate from helical modulation of the order parameter

Hexagonal and 1/3-vortex lattice textures are identified

Textures are explained as networks of helical modulations

Abstract

We study the textures of F=2 spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) induced by a synthetic non-Abelian gauge field. On the basis of the analysis of the SOC energy and the numerical calculation of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we demonstrate that the textures originate from the helical modulation of the order parameter (OP) due to the SOC. In particular, the cyclic OP consists of two-dimensional lattice textures, such as the hexagonal lattice and the 1/3-vortex lattice, commonly understandable as the two-dimensional network of the helical modulations.