Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background from Coalescing Binary Black Holes

TL;DR

This paper estimates the stochastic gravitational wave background from coalescing binary black holes, exploring detection prospects with advanced and third-generation detectors, and discusses implications for primordial GW background detection.

Contribution

It provides new estimates of the GW background from binary black holes considering recent astrophysical observations and analyzes detection thresholds for upcoming GW detectors.

Findings

Detection possible at rate densities around 0.1 Mpc^{-3} Myr^{-1} for higher mass binaries.

Advanced detectors require rate densities ≥0.5 Mpc^{-3} Myr^{-1} for detection.

Third-generation detectors could detect signals at much lower rate densities (~10^{-3} Mpc^{-3} Myr^{-1}).

Abstract

We estimate the stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background signal from the field population of coalescing binary stellar mass black holes (BHs) throughout the Universe. This study is motivated by recent observations of BH-Wolf-Rayet star systems and by new estimates in the metallicity abundances of star forming galaxies that imply BH-BH systems are more common than previously assumed. Using recent analytical results of the inspiral-merger-ringdown waveforms for coalescing binary BH systems, we estimate the resulting stochastic GW background signal. Assuming average quantities for the single source energy emissions, we explore the parameter space of chirp mass and local rate density required for detection by advanced and third generation interferometric GW detectors. For an average chirp mass of 8.7$M_{\odot}$, we find that detection through 3 years of cross-correlation by two advanced detectors will require a rate density, $r_0 \geq 0.5 \rm{Mpc}^{-3} \rm{Myr}^{-1}$. Combining data from multiple pairs of detectors can reduce this limit by up to 40%. Investigating the full parameter space we find that detection could be achieved at rates $r_0 \sim 0.1 \rm{Mpc}^{-3} \rm{Myr}^{-1}$ for populations of coalescing binary BH systems with average chirp masses of $\sim 15M_{\odot}$ which are predicted by recent studies of BH-Wolf-Rayet star systems. While this scenario is at the high end of theoretical estimates, cross-correlation of data by two Einstein Telescopes could detect this signal under the condition $r_0 \geq 10^{-3} \rm{Mpc}^{-3} \rm{Myr}^{-1}$. Such a signal could potentially mask a primordial GW background signal of dimensionless energy density, $\Omega_{\rm{GW}}\sim 10^{-10}$, around the (1--500) Hz frequency range.