Lepton bound states in a fundamental description of elementary forces

TL;DR

This paper proposes a fundamental framework where hadrons and leptons are described as bound states of quantons, with hadrons bound electrically and leptons magnetically, explaining their mass relations beyond the Standard Model.

Contribution

It introduces a novel particle Lagrangian model that unifies the description of hadrons and leptons as bound states with different binding mechanisms.

Findings

Explains mass relations between hadrons and leptons

Describes hadrons as electrically bound quanton systems

Models leptons as magnetically bound quanton systems

Abstract

In the flavour dependence hadrons and leptons show a mass relation, not expected in the Standard Model. This can be understood in an analysis, based on a particle Lagrangian with Maxwell term, boson-boson coupling and massless fermions (quantons), in which hadrons are described as stationary systems of quantons bound by an electric interaction, whereas leptons represent systems bound magnetically.