Phase transition in the R\'enyi-Shannon entropy of Luttinger liquids

TL;DR

The paper investigates a phase transition in the Rnyi-Shannon entropy of Luttinger liquids, revealing a boundary vertex operator relevance and providing a new replica-free analytical approach validated by numerical results.

Contribution

Introduces a novel replica-free formulation for Rnyi-Shannon entropy in Luttinger liquids and identifies a phase transition dependent on the Rnyi parameter.

Findings

Entropy exhibits a phase transition at n_c=4/R^2 for open chains.

Universal subleading term in entropy changes across the transition.

Numerical results agree with analytical predictions, confirming the transition.

Abstract

The R\'enyi-Shannon entropy associated to critical quantum spins chain with central charge $c=1$ is shown to have a phase transition at some value $n_c$ of the R\'enyi parameter $n$ which depends on the Luttinger parameter (or compactification radius R). Using a new replica-free formulation, the entropy is expressed as a combination of single-sheet partition functions evaluated at $n-$ dependent values of the stiffness. The transition occurs when a vertex operator becomes relevant at the boundary. Our numerical results (exact diagonalizations for the XXZ and $J_1-J_2$ models) are in agreement with the analytical predictions: above $n_c=4/R^2$ the subleading and universal contribution to the entropy is $\ln(L)(R^2-1)/(4n-4)$ for open chains, and $\ln(R)/(1-n)$ for periodic ones (R=1 at the free fermion point). The replica approach used in previous works fails to predict this transition and turns out to be correct only for $n<n_c$. From the point of view of two-dimensional Rokhsar-Kivelson states, the transition reveals a rich structure in the entanglement spectra.