Approximate Tree Decompositions of Planar Graphs in Linear Time

TL;DR

This paper introduces a linear-time algorithm for computing approximate tree decompositions of planar graphs with small treewidth, enabling efficient solutions for many NP-hard problems on such graphs.

Contribution

It presents the first algorithm that computes a tree decomposition of width O(k) in O(n k^2 log k) time for planar graphs, improving the efficiency of solving related problems.

Findings

Algorithm runs in O(n k^2 log k) time.

Enables solving NP-hard problems efficiently on planar graphs.

Provides a new approach to approximate tree decompositions.

Abstract

Many algorithms have been developed for NP-hard problems on graphs with small treewidth $k$. For example, all problems that are expressable in linear extended monadic second order can be solved in linear time on graphs of bounded treewidth. It turns out that the bottleneck of many algorithms for NP-hard problems is the computation of a tree decomposition of width $O(k)$. In particular, by the bidimensional theory, there are many linear extended monadic second order problems that can be solved on $n$-vertex planar graphs with treewidth $k$ in a time linear in $n$ and subexponential in $k$ if a tree decomposition of width $O(k)$ can be found in such a time. We present the first algorithm that, on $n$-vertex planar graphs with treewidth $k$, finds a tree decomposition of width $O(k)$ in such a time. In more detail, our algorithm has a running time of $O(n k^2 \log k)$. We show the result as a special case of a result concerning so-called weighted treewidth of weighted graphs.