Writing electronic ferromagnetic states in a high-temperature paramagnetic nuclear spin system

TL;DR

This study demonstrates how nuclear magnetic resonance can be used to create and analyze electronic ferromagnetic states in a high-temperature paramagnetic nuclear spin system, revealing temperature-dependent magnetization behaviors.

Contribution

It introduces a method to write and measure electronic ferromagnetic states in nuclear spins using NMR, including quantum state tomography and comparison with mean field models.

Findings

NMR can effectively simulate ferromagnetic states at high temperatures.

Magnetization behavior matches mean field Brillouin functions.

First and second order magnetic transitions observed with different mean field models.

Abstract

In this paper we use the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to write eletronic states of a ferromagnetic system into a high-temperature paramagnetic nuclear spins. Through the control of phase and duration of radiofrequency pulses we set the NMR density matrix populations, and apply the technique of quantum state tomography to experimentally obtain the matrix elements of the system, from which we calculate the temperature dependence of magnetization for different magnetic fields. The effects of the variation of temperature and magnetic field over the populations can be mapped in the angles of spins rotations, carried out by the RF pulses. The experimental results are compared to the Brillouin functions of ferromagnetic ordered systems in the mean field approximation for two cases: the mean field is given by (i) $B=B_0+\lambda M$ and (ii) $B=B_0+\lambda M + \lambda^\prime M^3$, where $B_0$ is the external magnetic field, and $\lambda, \lambda^\prime$ are mean field parameters. The first case exhibits second order transition, whereas the second case has first order transition with temperature hysteresis. The NMR simulations are in good agreement with the magnetic predictions.