Understanding the Observed Evolution of the Galaxy Luminosity Function from z=6-10 in the Context of Hierarchical Structure Formation

TL;DR

This paper investigates the evolution of the galaxy luminosity function from redshift 6 to 10, analyzing whether changes are due to dark matter halo growth or galaxy formation physics, and models galaxy formation processes accordingly.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of the evolution of the galaxy luminosity function and proposes a simple galaxy formation model balancing accretion, star formation, and outflows.

Findings

The LF decline from z~6-8 is partly due to galaxy formation physics changes.

At z~10, the luminosity per halo mass remains nearly constant from z~8.

Galaxies at z~10 could sustain an ionized IGM if certain conditions are met.

Abstract

Recent observations of the Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) luminosity function (LF) from z~6-10 show a steep decline in abundance with increasing redshift. However, the LF is a convolution of the mass function of dark matter halos (HMF)--which also declines sharply over this redshift range--and the galaxy-formation physics that maps halo mass to galaxy luminosity. We consider the strong observed evolution in the LF from z~6-10 in this context and determine whether it can be explained solely by the behavior of the HMF. From z~6-8, we find a residual change in the physics of galaxy formation corresponding to a ~0.5 dex increase in the average luminosity of a halo of fixed mass. On the other hand, our analysis of recent LF measurements at z~10 shows that the paucity of detected galaxies is consistent with almost no change in the average luminosity at fixed halo mass from z~8. The LF slope also constrains the variation about this mean such that the luminosity of galaxies hosted by halos of the same mass are all within about an order-of-magnitude of each other. We show that these results are well-described by a simple model of galaxy formation in which cold-flow accretion is balanced by star formation and momentum-driven outflows. If galaxy formation proceeds in halos with masses down to 10^8 Msun, then such a model predicts that LBGs at z~10 should be able to maintain an ionized intergalactic medium as long as the ratio of the clumping factor to the ionizing escape fraction is C/f_esc < 10.