Supernovae type Ia: non-standard candles of the Universe

TL;DR

This paper investigates how dust absorption and progenitor mass evolution affect Type Ia supernova observations, challenging the assumption that accelerated cosmic expansion is the sole explanation for observed data.

Contribution

It introduces alternative explanations for supernova luminosity variations, emphasizing the roles of dust absorption and progenitor mass evolution in interpreting Hubble diagrams.

Findings

Increased supernova energy at redshift z>2 due to progenitor mass growth.

Light absorption by grey dust significantly influences supernova brightness measurements.

Evolution of white dwarf masses can mimic effects attributed to dark energy.

Abstract

We analyze the influence of the evolution of light absorbtion by grey dust in SNe Ia host galaxies and the influence of the evolution of average total mass of coalescing double carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (progenitors of SNe Ia) under the influence of gravitational radiation on the interpretation of Hubble diagrams of SNe Ia. Significant increase in the average energy of SNe Ia due to increase in the total mass of merging dwarfs can be observed at red shift z> 2. The observed dependence of the distance modulus from the red shift in observations of SNe Ia can be explained not only by the assumption about accelerated expansion of the Universe, but also by the evolution of the absorbtion of light by grey dust in various types of host galaxies of SNe Ia, by the effects of observational selection and by the decrease in the average mass of coalescing degenerate dwarfs.