Structure, Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity of two-dimensional confined dipolar assemblies

TL;DR

This study uses Monte Carlo simulations to explore how two-dimensional confined dipolar bosons transition from superfluid to crystal-like phases at low temperatures, revealing phase behavior and condensate properties.

Contribution

It provides the first systematic analysis of phase transitions and Bose-Einstein condensation in confined 2D dipolar bosonic systems.

Findings

Quantum phase transition from superfluid to crystal-like phase

Crystal nucleates in the trap center as density increases

Bose-Einstein condensation vanishes in the crystalline phase at T=0

Abstract

Low temperature properties of harmonically confined two-dimensional assemblies of dipolar bosons are systematically investigated by Monte Carlo simulations. Calculations carried out for different numbers of particles and strengths of the confining potential yield evidence of a quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a crystal-like phase, consistently with what is observed in the ho- mogeneous system. It is found that the crystal phase nucleates in the center of the trap, as the density increases. Bose-Einstein condensation vanishes at T = 0 upon entering the crystalline phase, concurrently with the disappearance of the superfluid response.