A new baryonic equation of state at sub-nuclear densities for core-collapse simulations

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new baryonic equation of state for sub-nuclear densities in core-collapse simulations, accounting for nuclear abundances, pasta phases, and thermodynamic properties, with implications for supernova modeling.

Contribution

The study develops a novel EOS incorporating detailed nuclear composition and pasta phases, improving upon previous models by considering a wide range of nuclei and their effects on supernova physics.

Findings

Thermodynamic quantities similar to Shen's EOS.

Average nuclear mass differs systematically, affecting electron capture rates.

Root mean square of nuclear mass number is close to the average.

Abstract

We calculate a new equation of state for baryons at sub-nuclear densities meant for the use in core-collapse simulations of massive stars. The abundance of various nuclei is obtained together with the thermodynamic quantities. The formulation is the NSE description and the liquid drop approximation of nuclei. The model free energy to minimize is calculated by relativistic mean field theory for nucleons and the mass formula for nuclei with the atomic number up to ~ 1000. We have also taken into account the pasta phase, thanks to which the transition to uniform nuclear matter in our EOS occurs in the conventional manner: nuclei are not dissociated to nucleons but survive right up to the transition to uniform nuclear matter. We find that the free energy and other thermodynamical quantities are not very different from those given in the Shen's EOS, one of the standard EOS's that adopt the single nucleus approximation. The average mass is systematically different, on the other hand, which may have an important ramification to the rates of electron captures and coherent neutrino scatterings on nuclei in supernova cores. It is also interesting that the root mean square of the mass number is not very different from the average mass number, since the former is important for the evaluation of coherent scattering rates on nuclei but has been unavailable so far. The EOS table is currently under construction, which will include the weak interaction rates.