Two-state Bose-Hubbard model in the hard-core boson limit

TL;DR

This paper investigates phase transitions into Bose-Einstein condensate in a two-band Bose-Hubbard model with hard-core bosons, revealing re-entrant behavior, phase transition order changes, and phase diagram features.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of phase transition types, re-entrant behavior, and phase diagrams in the two-band Bose-Hubbard model with hard-core bosons, highlighting novel transition phenomena.

Findings

Re-entrant behavior of spinodales in the hard-core boson limit.

Transition from second to first order phase transition.

Phase diagrams with tricritical points and phase separation conditions.

Abstract

Phase transition into the phase with Bose-Einstein (BE) condensate in the two-band Bose-Hubbard model with the particle hopping in the excited band only is investigated. Instability connected with such a transition (which appears at excitation energies $\delta<\lvert t_0' \rvert$, where $\lvert t_0' \rvert$ is the particle hopping parameter) is considered. The re-entrant behaviour of spinodales is revealed in the hard-core boson limit in the region of positive values of chemical potential. It is found that the order of the phase transition undergoes a change in this case and becomes the first one; the re-entrant transition into the normal phase does not take place in reality. First order phase transitions also exist at negative values of $\delta$ (under the condition $\delta>\delta_{\mathrm{crit}}\approx-0.12\lvert t_0' \rvert$). At $\mu<0$ the phase transition mostly remains to be of the second order. The behaviour of the BE-condensate order parameter is analyzed, the $(\Theta,\mu)$ and $(\lvert t_0' \rvert,\mu)$ phase diagrams are built and localizations of tricritical points are established. The conditions are found at which the separation on the normal phase and the phase with the BE condensate takes place.