Excitation spectrum and high energy plasmons in single- and multi-layer graphene

TL;DR

This study investigates the excitation spectrum and high-energy plasmons in single- and multi-layer graphene using a full tight-binding model, revealing important effects of inter-layer hopping, electron interactions, and disorder on plasmon behavior.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive calculation of graphene's excitation spectrum beyond the Dirac approximation, emphasizing the role of inter-layer hopping and disorder effects.

Findings

Redshift of π-plasmon dispersion in single-layer graphene compared to graphite

Inter-layer hopping significantly affects the low-energy excitation spectrum in multi-layer graphene

Disorder causes smearing of absorption peaks in the spectrum

Abstract

In this paper we study the excitation spectrum of single- and multi-layer graphene beyond the Dirac cone approximation. The dynamical polarizability of graphene is computed using a full $\pi$-band tight-binding model, considering the possibility of inter-layer hopping in the calculation. The effect of electron-electron interaction is considered within the random phase approximation. We further discuss the effect of disorder in the spectrum, which leads to a smearing of the absorption peaks. Our results show a redshift of the $\pi$-plasmon dispersion of single-layer graphene with respect to graphite, in agreement with experimental results. The inclusion of inter-layer hopping in the kinetic Hamiltonian of multi-layer graphene is found to be very important to properly capture the low energy region of the excitation spectrum.