Nonrelativistic theory of electromagnetic forces on particles and nanoprobes moving near a surface

TL;DR

This paper reviews a nonrelativistic electromagnetic force theory for particles and nanoprobes near surfaces, incorporating spatial dispersion and unifying various dynamic interaction problems, with recent relativistic extensions included.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive nonrelativistic framework for electromagnetic interactions near surfaces, integrating spatial dispersion and recent relativistic results.

Findings

Unified treatment of charged particles, dipoles, and atoms interactions

Inclusion of spatial dispersion effects via surface response functions

Connection of nonrelativistic and relativistic results

Abstract

Closed nonrelativistic (nonretarded) theory of conservative and dissipative electromagnetic forces and heat exchange between moving particles (nanoprobes) and a surface (flat and cylindrical) is reviewed. The formalism is based on methods of classical and fluctuating electrodynamics using minimum assumptions. The spatial dispersion effects are introduced via the surface response functions. The theory allows to treat various problems related with dynamic interactions of charged particles, dipole molecules, neutral atoms and nanoprobes in a unified manner. For the first time, a brief review of the recently obtained consistent relativistic results is also given. The corresponding formulae exactly reduce to the nonrelativistic ones in the limit Applications to experiments with the scanning probe microscopes, quartz crystal microbalance technique and transmission of particle beams in the near field of surfaces (through nanochannels) are discussed.