Observing Flux Rope Formation During the Impulsive Phase of a Solar Eruption

TL;DR

This study provides direct observational evidence of a flux rope forming during the impulsive phase of a solar eruption, revealing its structure and evolution in multiple temperature bands in the low corona.

Contribution

It presents the first clear observation of a flux rope in formation during a CME impulsive phase using multi-wavelength AIA data.

Findings

Flux rope observed as a hot bright blob in 131 Å band.

Dark cavity surrounded by a bright rim in cooler bands.

Structural similarity between low corona observations and coronagraph images.

Abstract

Magnetic flux rope is believed to be an important structural component of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). While there exist much observational evidence of the flux rope after the eruption, e.g., as seen in remote-sensing coronagraph images or in-situ solar wind data, the direct observation of flux ropes during CME impulsive phase has been rare. In this Letter, we present an unambiguous observation of a flux rope still in the formation phase in the low corona. The CME of interest occurred above the east limb on 2010 November 03 with footpoints partially blocked. The flux rope was seen as a bright blob of hot plasma in AIA 131 \AA\ passband (peak temperature ~11 MK) rising from the core of the source active region, rapidly moving outward and stretching upward the surrounding background magnetic field. The stretched magnetic field seemed to curve-in behind the core, similar to the classical magnetic reconnection scenario in eruptive flares. On the other hand, the flux rope appeared as a dark cavity in AIA 211 \AA\ passpand (2.0 MK) and 171 \AA\ passband (0.6 MK); in these relatively cool temperature bands, a bright rim clearly enclosed the dark cavity. The bright rim likely represents the pile-up of the surrounding coronal plasma compressed by the expanding flux rope. The composite structure seen in AIA multiple temperature bands is very similar to that in the corresponding coronagraph images, which consists of a bright leading edge and a dark cavity, commonly believed to be a flux rope.