Radiation feedback on dusty clouds during Seyfert activity

TL;DR

This study uses high-resolution radiation hydrodynamics simulations to explore how dusty gas clouds evolve under radiation feedback in Seyfert galaxy nuclei, revealing three distinct phases of cloud morphology and dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed simulation-based analysis of dusty cloud evolution under radiation feedback, identifying three characteristic phases and providing an analytical model for their dynamics.

Findings

Clouds form lenticular, sickle-shaped, and filamentary structures.

Cloud evolution depends on column density, with some material pushed outward and some inward.

A simple analytical model approximates the cloud dynamical evolution.

Abstract

We investigate the evolution of dusty gas clouds falling into the centre of an active Seyfert nucleus. Two-dimensional high-resolution radiation hydrodynamics simulations are performed to study the fate of single clouds and the interaction between two clouds approaching the Active Galactic Nucleus. We find three distinct phases of the evolution of the cloud: (i) formation of a lenticular shape with dense inner rim caused by the interaction of gravity and radiation pressure (the lense phase), (ii) formation of a clumpy sickle-shaped structure as the result of a converging flow (the clumpy sickle phase) and (iii) a filamentary phase caused by a rapidly varying optical depth along the sickle. Depending on the column density of the cloud, it will either be pushed outwards or its central (highest column density) parts move inwards, while there is always some material pushed outwards by radiation pressure effects. The general dynamical evolution of the cloud can approximately be described by a simple analytical model.