Wide Field Wavefront Sensing

TL;DR

This paper introduces an extended wavefront sensing method, S-DIMM+, using the Sun as a source to measure atmospheric turbulence at various heights, aiding the development of adaptive optics for solar telescopes.

Contribution

The paper presents S-DIMM+, an extension of existing methods, enabling height-resolved seeing measurements using the Sun, and demonstrates its application with the Wide Field Wavefront Sensor at the SST.

Findings

Good correlation with SHABAR up to 500 m height

Dominant seeing layers are near ground and high altitude

Fried's parameter r_0 exceeds 40 cm for intermediate layers

Abstract

When observing from the ground one has to deal with the turbulence from the atmosphere and the turbulence caused by the telescope's surroundings. In order to find the best sites for future solar telescopes and develop multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) for them, the contributions to seeing have to be characterized for heights up to at least 12 km above the telescope. This characterization is done with a method that measures differential image displacements using several subapertures. By extending the ordinary DIMM- and S-DIMM-methods to measure displacements at different field angles, the height distribution of seeing can be measured. This extended method is called S-DIMM+, where the letter S denotes the use of the Sun as source and the + signifies that it is an extension of the former methods. Observations are made with the Wide Field Wavefront Sensor (WFWFS) mounted at the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST) at La Palma. The results from these measurements are compared with the Shadow Band Ranger (SHABAR), also mounted on the SST. The first results of these comparisons show good correlation between the two instruments for heights up to 500 m. Results from the WFWFS also show that the dominant seeing at this site comes from layers close to the ground and at high altitude and that Fried's parameter, r_0, is larger than 40 cm for the intermediate layers.