Cross-intersecting sub-families of hereditary families

TL;DR

This paper investigates the maximum sizes of cross-intersecting families within hereditary set families, proving conjectures under certain conditions and establishing new properties of compression operations.

Contribution

It proves a conjecture about maximum sizes of cross-intersecting sub-families in hereditary families when compressed, and introduces new properties of compression operations.

Findings

Maximizes sum and product of sizes when all families are equal to a largest star.

Proves conjecture for compressed hereditary families.

Suggests the configuration of equal largest stars is optimal generally.

Abstract

Families $\mathcal{A}_1, \mathcal{A}_2, ..., \mathcal{A}_k$ of sets are said to be \emph{cross-intersecting} if for any $i$ and $j$ in $\{1, 2, ..., k\}$ with $i \neq j$, any set in $\mathcal{A}_i$ intersects any set in $\mathcal{A}_j$. For a finite set $X$, let $2^X$ denote the \emph{power set of $X$} (the family of all subsets of $X$). A family $\mathcal{H}$ is said to be \emph{hereditary} if all subsets of any set in $\mathcal{H}$ are in $\mathcal{H}$; so $\mathcal{H}$ is hereditary if and only if it is a union of power sets. We conjecture that for any non-empty hereditary sub-family $\mathcal{H} \neq \{\emptyset\}$ of $2^X$ and any $k \geq |X|+1$, both the sum and product of sizes of $k$ cross-intersecting sub-families $\mathcal{A}_1, \mathcal{A}_2, ..., \mathcal{A}_k$ (not necessarily distinct or non-empty) of $\mathcal{H}$ are maxima if $\mathcal{A}_1 = \mathcal{A}_2 = ... = \mathcal{A}_k = \mathcal{S}$ for some largest \emph{star $\mathcal{S}$ of $\mathcal{H}$} (a sub-family of $\mathcal{H}$ whose sets have a common element). We prove this for the case when $\mathcal{H}$ is \emph{compressed with respect to an element $x$ of $X$}, and for this purpose we establish new properties of the usual \emph{compression operation}. For the product, we actually conjecture that the configuration $\mathcal{A}_1 = \mathcal{A}_2 = ... = \mathcal{A}_k = \mathcal{S}$ is optimal for any hereditary $\mathcal{H}$ and any $k \geq 2$, and we prove this for a special case too.