Pauli-limiting effects in the upper critical fields of a clean LiFeAs single crystal

TL;DR

This study investigates the upper critical field behavior in a clean LiFeAs single crystal, revealing the interplay of Pauli- and orbital-limiting effects, multi-band phenomena, and the material's cleanliness through detailed resistivity measurements under high magnetic fields.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis of the temperature-dependent upper critical fields in LiFeAs, highlighting the roles of Pauli-limiting, multi-band effects, and the material's high purity compared to other Fe-based superconductors.

Findings

Hc2ab(0) = 30 T is lower than the orbital limit, indicating Pauli-limiting effects.

Hc2c(T) shows a linear increase down to 0.8 K, explained by multi-band effects.

LiFeAs is among the cleanest Fe-based superconductors, with small dHc2ab/dT near Tc.

Abstract

We have investigated the temperature-dependence of the upper critical field Hc2(T) in a LiFeAs single crystal by direct measurements of resistivity under static magnetic fields up to 36 T. We find in the case of a magnetic field H along the ab-plane that Hc2ab(0) = 30 T is clearly lower than the orbital limiting field Hc2orb,ab (0) = 39.6 T estimated by the |dHc2ab / dT|Tc, suggesting the presence of both Pauli- and orbital-limiting effects in the pair breaking process. The best fit of Hc2ab(T) to the Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg formula results in the Maki parameter {\alpha} = 0.9 and negligible spin-orbit scattering constant ({\lambda}so = 0.0). On the other hand, for H along the c-axis, Hc2c(T) increases linearly down to our lowest temperature of 0.8 K, which can be explained by the multi-band effects. The anisotropy ratio Hc2ab(T) / Hc2c(T) is 3 near Tc and systematically decreases upon lowering temperature to become 1.3 at zero temperature. A comparative overview of the behavior of Hc2ab(T) in various Fe-based superconductors shows that, similar to LiFeAs, the calculated Hc2orb,ab (0) is generally much larger than the measured Hc2ab(0) and thus finite {\alpha} values ranging from ~ 0.4 to 3 are necessary to describe the low temperature Hc2ab(T) behaviors. Moreover, LiFeAs is found to have the smallest |dHc2ab / dT|Tc values, indicating that LiFeAs is one of the cleanest Fe-based superconductors with a finite Maki parameter. We also discuss the implications of multi-band effects and spin-orbit scattering based on the finding that the estimated Pauli-limiting field is generally much larger than the BCS prediction in the Fe-based superconductors.