Compton-thick active galactic nuclei inside local ultraluminous infrared galaxies

TL;DR

This study investigates heavily obscured, Compton-thick AGN within local ULIRGs using X-ray and IR data, revealing that most AGN are hidden by dense gas and dust, with implications for galaxy evolution.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed X-ray analysis of ten luminous obscured AGN in ULIRGs, highlighting the prevalence of Compton-thick absorption and the interaction between starburst activity and AGN obscuration.

Findings

Most AGN are undetected in X-rays due to Compton-thick obscuration.

Starburst components' X-ray flux aligns with IR expectations.

Environment around AGN in ULIRGs is richer in gas and dust.

Abstract

We present the X-ray analysis of the most luminous obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN) inside local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). Our sample consists of ten sources, harbouring AGN components with estimated luminosity in excess of ~10^12 L_sun and yet unidentified at optical wavelengths because of their large obscuration. According to the Chandra and XMM-Newton spectra, only in two cases out of ten clear AGN signatures are detected at 2-10 keV in the shape of reflected emission. The X-ray flux from the starburst (SB) components, instead, is always broadly consistent with the expectations based on their IR emission. The most convincing explanation for the missing AGN detections is therefore the Compton-thickness of the X-ray absorber. In general, the combination of our mid-IR and X-ray spectral analysis suggests that the environment surrounding the AGN component in ULIRGs is much richer in gas and dust than in ordinary active galaxies, and the degree of AGN absorption can be tentatively related to the SB intensity, indicating a strong interaction between the two processes and supporting the ULIRG/quasar evolutionary scheme.