Particles and gravitons creation after inflation from a 5D vacuum

TL;DR

This paper investigates particle and graviton creation after inflation using a 5D vacuum model, revealing an enormous number of particles and a significantly smaller number of gravitons generated during the reheating epoch.

Contribution

It introduces a novel application of the Bogoliubov formalism combined with Induced Matter theory to quantify particle and graviton production post-inflation in a 5D framework.

Findings

Number of created particles exceeds 10^{90} on cosmological scales.

Number of gravitons is about 10^{-17} times smaller than the number of particles.

Both particle and graviton numbers increase rapidly on large scales.

Abstract

We use the Bogoliubov formalism to study both, particles and gravitons creation at the reheating epoch, after a phase transition from inflation to a radiation dominated universe. The modes of the inflaton field fluctuations and the scalar fluctuations of the metric at the end of inflation are obtained by using a recently introduced formalism related to the Induced Matter theory of gravity. The interesting result is that the number of created particles is bigger than $10^{90}$ on cosmological scales. Furthermore, the number of gravitons are nearly $10^{-17}$ times smaller than the number of created particles. In both cases, these numbers rapidly increases on cosmological scales.