Transport regimes of cold gases in a two-dimensional anisotropic disorder

TL;DR

This study numerically investigates classical transport regimes of cold atoms in a two-dimensional anisotropic disordered potential, revealing localized, diffusive, and sub-diffusive behaviors and connecting these to experimental observations.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of energy-dependent transport regimes and offers a framework to interpret experimental density profiles in disordered cold atom systems.

Findings

Low energy particles are localized due to lack of percolation.

High energy particles exhibit anisotropic normal diffusion with algebraic scaling.

Intermediate energies show transient sub-diffusive behavior.

Abstract

We numerically study the dynamics of cold atoms in a two-dimensional disordered potential. We consider an anisotropic speckle potential and focus on the classical regime, which is relevant to some recent experiments. First, we study the behavior of particles with a fixed energy and identify different transport regimes. For low energy, the particles are classically localized due to the absence of a percolating cluster. For high energy, the particles undergo normal diffusion and we show that the diffusion constants scale algebraically with the particle energy, with an anisotropy factor which significantly differs from that of the disordered potential. For intermediate energy, we find a transient sub-diffusive regime, which is relevant to the time scale of typical experiments. Second, we study the behavior of a cold-atomic gas with an arbitrary energy distribution, using the above results as a groundwork. We show that the density profile of the atomic cloud in the diffusion regime is strongly peaked and, in particular, that it is not Gaussian. Its behavior at large distances allows us to extract the energy-dependent diffusion constants from experimental density distributions. For a thermal cloud released into the disordered potential, we show that our numerical predictions are in agreement with experimental findings. Not only does this work give insights to recent experimental results, but it may also serve interpretation of future experiments searching for deviation from classical diffusion and traces of Anderson localization.