Vacuum polarization in light two-electron atoms and ions

TL;DR

This paper discusses vacuum polarization effects in light two-electron atoms and ions, with extensive updates and corrections over previous versions, contributing to the understanding of quantum electrodynamics in simple atomic systems.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of vacuum polarization in light two-electron systems, with significant revisions and corrections from earlier versions.

Findings

Refined calculations of vacuum polarization effects

Updated theoretical models for two-electron atoms

Enhanced accuracy in quantum electrodynamics predictions

Abstract

The original text has been changed substantially since the first version of this paper. Finally, we have decided to split that submission in two parts. Each of them includes a large number of updates and corrections. They were placed on ArXiv with new numbers (see: ArXiv:1110.3433 and 1111.2303).