Kramers polarization in strongly correlated carbon nanotube quantum dots

TL;DR

This paper investigates how ferromagnetic contacts induce spin, orbital, and Kramers polarizations in carbon nanotube quantum dots, revealing new effects on Kondo resonances and proposing experimental detection methods.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of Kramers polarization in carbon nanotube quantum dots and analyzes its impact on Kondo physics, a novel aspect not previously considered.

Findings

Kramers polarization magnitude is comparable to spin and orbital polarizations.

Kramers polarization causes additional splitting of the Kondo resonance.

Experimental detection via nonlinear differential conductance is proposed.

Abstract

Ferromagnetic contacts put in proximity with carbon nanotubes induce spin and orbital polarizations. These polarizations affect dramatically the Kondo correlations occurring in quantum dots formed in a carbon nanotube, inducing effective fields in both spin and orbital sectors. As a consequence, the carbon nanotube quantum dot spectral density shows a four-fold split SU(4) Kondo resonance. Furthermore, the presence of spin-orbit interactions leads to the occurrence of an additional polarization among time-reversal electronic states (polarization in the time-reversal symmetry or Kramers sector). Here, we estimate the magnitude for the Kramer polarization in realistic carbon nanotube samples and find that its contribution is comparable to the spin and orbital polarizations. The Kramers polarization generates a new type of effective field that affects only the time-reversal electronic states. We report new splittings of the Kondo resonance in the dot spectral density which can be understood only if Kramers polarization is taken into account. Importantly, we predict that the existence of Kramers polarization can be experimentally detected by performing nonlinear differential conductance measurements. We also find that, due to the high symmetry required to build SU(4) Kondo correlations, its restoration by applying an external field is not possible in contrast to the compensated SU(2) Kondo state observed in conventional quantum dots.