New horizons in multidimensional diffusion: The Lorentz gas and the Riemann Hypothesis

TL;DR

This paper investigates the diffusion properties of the Lorentz gas in arbitrary dimensions, deriving explicit formulas, exploring connections to the Riemann Hypothesis, and providing numerical evidence up to ten dimensions.

Contribution

It extends the analysis of the Lorentz gas to higher dimensions, offers explicit formulas for mean square displacement, and links diffusion behavior to the Riemann Hypothesis and critical dimension phenomena.

Findings

Explicit formulas for mean square displacement in infinite horizon Lorentz gas.

Connection between diffusion properties and the Riemann Hypothesis.

Numerical simulations up to ten dimensions support theoretical predictions.

Abstract

The Lorentz gas is a billiard model involving a point particle diffusing deterministically in a periodic array of convex scatterers. In the two dimensional finite horizon case, in which all trajectories involve collisions with the scatterers, displacements scaled by the usual diffusive factor $\sqrt{t}$ are normally distributed, as shown by Bunimovich and Sinai in 1981. In the infinite horizon case, motion is superdiffusive, however the normal distribution is recovered when scaling by $\sqrt{t\ln t}$, with an explicit formula for its variance. Here we explore the infinite horizon case in arbitrary dimensions, giving explicit formulas for the mean square displacement, arguing that it differs from the variance of the limiting distribution, making connections with the Riemann Hypothesis in the small scatterer limit, and providing evidence for a critical dimension $d=6$ beyond which correlation decay exhibits fractional powers. The results are conditional on a number of conjectures, and are corroborated by numerical simulations in up to ten dimensions.