Viscous dark energy and generalized second law of thermodynamics

TL;DR

This paper investigates whether the generalized second law of thermodynamics holds in a non-flat universe with viscous dark energy, considering interactions with dark matter and effects like Casimir energy, confirming its validity.

Contribution

It extends previous studies by analyzing the generalized second law in a universe with viscous dark energy, dark matter interaction, and Casimir effect, confirming its universal validity.

Findings

The generalized second law holds in a universe with interacting viscous dark energy and dark matter.

The law is valid when considering the Casimir effect.

It is always protected within the apparent horizon.

Abstract

We examine the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics in a non-flat universe in the presence of viscous dark energy. At first we assume that the universe filled only with viscous dark energy. Then, we extend our study to the case where there is an interaction between viscous dark energy and pressureless dark matter. We examine the time evolution of the total entropy, including the entropy associated with the apparent horizon and the entropy of the viscous dark energy inside the apparent horizon. Our study show that the generalized second law of thermodynamics is always protected in a universe filled with interacting viscous dark energy and dark matter in a region enclosed by the apparent horizon. Finally, we show that the the generalized second law of thermodynamics is fulfilled for a universe filled with interacting viscous dark energy and dark matter in the sense that we take into account the Casimir effect.