Heavy-neutrino decays at neutrino telescopes

TL;DR

This paper investigates the potential for neutrino telescopes like IceCube and ANTARES to detect decays of a hypothesized heavy sterile neutrino, which could explain certain experimental anomalies and produce observable signals in atmospheric neutrino data.

Contribution

It provides a detailed flux calculation and predicts detectable event rates for a specific heavy neutrino model at neutrino telescopes, linking particle physics with astrophysical observations.

Findings

Approximately 10^4 decay events per year in a 0.03 km^3 detector.

Characteristic energy (0.1-10 TeV) and zenith-angle distribution of events.

Background from standard neutrino interactions is 100 times smaller.

Abstract

It has been recently proposed that a sterile neutrino \nu_h of mass m_h=40--80 MeV, mixing |U_{\mu h}|^2=10^{-3}--10^{-2}, lifetime \tau_h \lsim 10^{-9} s, and a dominant decay mode (\nu_h \to \nu_\mu \gamma) could be the origin of the experimental anomalies observed at LSND, KARMEN and MiniBooNE. Such a particle would be abundant inside air showers, as it can be produced in kaon decays (K -> \nu_h \mu, K_L -> \nu_h \pi \mu). We use the Z-moment method to evaluate its atmospheric flux and the frequency of its decays inside neutrino telescopes. We show that the \nu_h would imply around 10^4 contained showers per year inside a 0.03 km^3 telescope like ANTARES or the DeepCore in IceCube. These events would have a characteristic energy and zenith-angle distribution (E_\nu = 0.1--10 TeV and \theta < 90^o), which results from a balance between the reach of the heavy neutrino (that disfavors low energies) and a sizeable production rate and decay probability. The standard background from contained neutrino events (\nu_e N \to e X and neutral-current interactions of high inelasticity) is 100 times smaller. Therefore, although it may be challenging from an experimental point of view, a search at ANTARES and IceCube could confirm this heavy-neutrino possibility.