Water ice at low to midlatitudes on Mars

TL;DR

This study combines remote sensing data and climate modeling to analyze the distribution and seasonal behavior of surface water ice at low to midlatitudes on Mars, revealing its dependence on atmospheric water and subsurface properties.

Contribution

It introduces a combined observational and modeling approach to understand low-latitude surface water ice distribution on Mars, highlighting the role of atmospheric water variability and subsurface conditions.

Findings

Surface ice observed on pole-facing slopes during fall, winter, and early spring.

Ice extends down to 13°S but is limited to latitudes above 32°N.

Surface ice is seasonal with no perennial patches detected.

Abstract

In this paper, we analyze water ice occurrences at the surface of Mars using near-infrared observations, and we study their distribution with a climate model. Latitudes between 45{\deg}S and 50{\deg}N are considered. Data from the Observatoire pour la Min\'eralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces et l'Actitit\'e and the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars are used to assess the presence of surface water ice as a function of location and season. A modeling approach combining the 1-D and 3-D versions of the General Circulation Model of the Laboratoire de M\'et\'eorologie Dynamique de Jussieu is developed and successfully compared to observations. Ice deposits 2-200 \mu m thick are observed during the day on pole facing slopes in local fall, winter and early spring. Ice extends down to 13{\deg} latitude in the Southern Hemisphere but is restricted to latitudes higher than 32{\deg} in the north. On a given slope, the pattern of ice observations at the surface is mainly controlled by the global variability of atmospheric water (precipitation and vapor), with local ground properties playing a lower role. Only seasonal surface ice is observed: no exposed patches of perennial ground ice have been detected. Surface seasonal ice is however sensitive to subsurface properties: the results presented in this study are consistent with the recent discovery of low latitude subsurface ice obtained through the analysis of CO2 frost.