The role of planets in shaping planetary nebulae
Orsola De Marco, Noam Soker

TL;DR
This paper revises the framework of planetary nebulae formation, emphasizing the limited role of planets in shaping them and highlighting the importance of binary interactions and stellar evolution pathways.
Contribution
It updates Soker's 1997 framework by quantifying the planetary influence on PN shaping, considering recent discoveries and revised stellar evolution assumptions.
Findings
Approximately 20% of PNe are shaped by planetary interactions.
Only about 5% of 1-8 solar mass stars produce PNe influenced by planets.
Most stars do not produce PNe due to binary interactions or evolutionary paths.
Abstract
In 1997 Soker laid out a framework for understanding the formation and shaping of planetary nebulae (PN). Starting from the assumption that non-spherical PN cannot be formed by single stars, he linked PN morphologies to the binary mechanisms that may have formed them, basing these connections almost entirely on observational arguments. In light of the last decade of discovery in the field of PN, we revise this framework, which, although simplistic, can still serve as a benchmark against which to test theories of PN origin and shaping. Within the framework, we revisit the role of planets in shaping PN. Soker invoked a planetary role in shaping PN because there are not enough close binaries to shape the large fraction of non-spherical PN. In this paper we adopt a model whereby only ~20% of all 1-8 solar mass stars make a PN. This reduces the need for planetary shaping. Through a…
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