Joint and individual variation explained (JIVE) for integrated analysis of multiple data types

TL;DR

JIVE is a new method for integrated analysis of multiple high-dimensional data types that decomposes variation into joint, individual, and residual components, aiding in data reduction and interpretation.

Contribution

It introduces JIVE, a novel decomposition technique extending PCA to analyze multiple data types simultaneously, capturing joint and individual variation.

Findings

Revealed gene-miRNA associations in Glioblastoma samples

Enhanced tumor type characterization

Provided a scalable tool for multi-omics data analysis

Abstract

Research in several fields now requires the analysis of data sets in which multiple high-dimensional types of data are available for a common set of objects. In particular, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) includes data from several diverse genomic technologies on the same cancerous tumor samples. In this paper we introduce Joint and Individual Variation Explained (JIVE), a general decomposition of variation for the integrated analysis of such data sets. The decomposition consists of three terms: a low-rank approximation capturing joint variation across data types, low-rank approximations for structured variation individual to each data type, and residual noise. JIVE quantifies the amount of joint variation between data types, reduces the dimensionality of the data and provides new directions for the visual exploration of joint and individual structures. The proposed method represents an extension of Principal Component Analysis and has clear advantages over popular two-block methods such as Canonical Correlation Analysis and Partial Least Squares. A JIVE analysis of gene expression and miRNA data on Glioblastoma Multiforme tumor samples reveals gene-miRNA associations and provides better characterization of tumor types. Data and software are available at https://genome.unc.edu/jive/