Foundations for Understanding and Building Conscious Systems using Stable Parallel Looped Dynamics

TL;DR

This paper proposes a new dynamical systems framework using stable parallel looped dynamics to define and understand minimal consciousness, focusing on the role of fixed sets and continuous paths in brain states.

Contribution

It introduces a novel framework linking fixed sets and continuous paths to consciousness, providing necessary and sufficient conditions for minimal consciousness and a method to build synthetic conscious systems.

Findings

Consciousness correlates with a self-sustaining dynamical membrane of fixed sets.

Minimal consciousness is characterized by the presence of a self-sustaining membrane with continuous paths.

A synthetic system satisfying these conditions appears indistinguishable from human consciousness.

Abstract

The problem of consciousness faced several challenges for a few reasons: (a) a lack of necessary and sufficient conditions, without which we would not know how close we are to the solution, (b) a lack of a synthesis framework to build conscious systems and (c) a lack of mechanisms explaining the transition between the lower-level chemical dynamics and the higher-level abstractions. In this paper, I address these issues using a new framework. The central result is that a person is 'minimally' conscious if and only if he knows at least one truth. This lets us move away from the vagueness surrounding consciousness and instead focus equivalently on: (i) what truths are and how our brain represents/relates them to each other and (ii) how we attain a feeling of knowing for a truth. For the former problem, since truths are things that do not change, I replace the abstract notion with a dynamical one called fixed sets. These sets are guaranteed to exist for our brain and other stable parallel looped systems. The relationships between everyday events are now built using relationships between fixed sets, until our brain creates a unique dynamical state called the self-sustaining threshold 'membrane' of fixed sets. For the latter problem, I present necessary and sufficient conditions for attaining a feeling of knowing using a definition of continuity applied to abstractions. Combining these results, I now say that a person is minimally conscious if and only if his brain has a self-sustaining dynamical membrane with abstract continuous paths. A synthetic system built to satisfy this equivalent self-sustaining membrane condition appears indistinguishable from human consciousness.