The master equation for the reduced open-system dynamics, including a Lindbladian description of finite-duration measurement

TL;DR

This paper develops a hybrid theoretical framework combining Lindbladian and Redfield approaches to model the dynamics of a quantum system during finite-time measurements in noisy environments, providing an analytic master equation for reduced system evolution.

Contribution

It introduces an analytic method using superoperator algebra and projectors to derive a master equation for systems under finite-time measurement and environmental noise, bridging Markovian and non-Markovian dynamics.

Findings

Derived a master equation for a qubit under phase noise during finite measurement.

Demonstrated the applicability of the hybrid theory to realistic quantum measurement scenarios.

Provided insights into the interplay between measurement duration and environmental decoherence.

Abstract

We consider the problem of the measurement of a system occurring during a finite time interval, while environmentally-induced noise decreases the system-state coherence. We assume a Markovian measuring device and, therefore, use a Lindbladian description for the measurement dynamics. For studying the case of noise produced by a non-Markovian environment, whose definition does not include the measuring apparatus, we use the Redfield approach to the interaction between system and environment. In the present hybrid theory, to trace out the environmental degrees of freedom, we introduce an analytic method based on superoperator algebra and Nakajima-Zwanzig projectors. The resulting master equation, describing the reduced system dynamics, is illustrated in the case of a qubit under phase noise during a finite-time measurement.