Detection of A Transient X-ray Absorption Line Intrinsic to the BL Lacertae Object H 2356-309

TL;DR

This study reports the first detection of a transient X-ray absorption line intrinsic to the BL Lac object H 2356-309, revealing an outflow with specific ionization and temperature properties, using high-resolution Chandra observations.

Contribution

The paper presents the first observation of a transient intrinsic X-ray absorption feature in a BL Lac object with high-resolution telescopes, indicating a possible outflow.

Findings

Detected a transient OVIII K-alpha absorption line at 3.3-sigma confidence.

Constrained the ionization parameter and temperature of the absorber.

Suggested the outflow velocity could be up to 1,500 km/s.

Abstract

Since the launch of the Einstein X-ray Observatory in the 1970s, a number of broad absorption features have been reported in the X-ray spectra of BL Lac objects. These features are often interpreted as arising from high velocity outflows intrinsic to the BL Lac object, therefore providing important information about the inner environment around the central engine. However, such absorption features have not been observed more recently with high-resolution X-ray telescopes such as Chandra and XMM-Newton. In this paper, we report the detection of a transient X-ray absorption feature intrinsic to the BL Lac object H 2356-309 with the Chandra X-ray Telescope. This BL Lac object was observed during XMM cycle 7, Chandra cycle 8 and 10, as part of our campaign to investigate X-ray absorption produced by the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) residing in the foreground large scale superstructure. During one of the 80 ksec, Chandra cycle 10 observations, a transient absorption feature was detected at 3.3-sigma (or 99.9% confidence level, accounting for the number of trials), which we identify as the OVIII K-alpha line produced by an absorber intrinsic to the BL Lac object. None of the other 11 observations showed this line. We constrain the ionization parameter (25 <~ Xi <~ 40) and temperature (10^5 < T < 2.5 10^7 K) of the absorber. This absorber is likely produced by an outflow with a velocity up to 1,500 km/s. There is a suggestion of possible excess emission on the long-wavelength side of the absorption line; however, the derived properties of the emission material are very different from those of the absorption material, implying it is unlikely a typical P Cygni-type profile.